What are they?

A boil is a synonym for furuncle and visa-versa. They are both infections of a hair follicle or gland usually caused by Staphylococci aureus, but they may be caused by fungi or other bacteria. A carbuncle is boil that has more than one hair follicle or duct involved. If severe it may develop into an abscess.

Prevention:

Some people more prone to such infections are diabetics (insulin injection sites), drug users, poor hygiene, over crowded living spaces, and people with jobs that involve grease or petroleum products such as mechanics (clogs the pores).
To prevent the further spread of an existing infection thorough hand washing is imperative. Do not share cosmetics, washcloths, towels, or sheets that have been in contact with the infection. Close human contact can also spread the infection.

Symptoms:

A red tender nodule in the skin that may develop a pus filled head. Itching often precedes the appearance of the nodule. Boils are most often found on the face, armpits, neck, thighs and buttocks (hairy areas).

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is usually made by physical examination of the site. Provider has to rule out similar infections such as acne, cysts, and fungal infections. A biopsy of the skin or a culture of the drainage may be done to determine causative agent.

Treatment:

Some boils go away on their own while others may need further treatment to heal. Warm moist compresses often help the boil to come to a head, drain and let healing progress. If a boil last for more than two weeks you should visit your health care provider. Topical and or oral antibiotics may be required.  It may be necessary for the physician to incise the boil to allow for drainage. Never try to squeeze or pop a boil as you can cause the infection to spread.

Complications:

It is important to see a physician if the boil lasts more than two weeks and seems to be getting worse. If fever and fatigue occur contact your doctor. Complications may include the spread of infection resulting in more life threatening infections such as septicemia, meningitis, and endocarditis.